Michelle Lozano-Persons, Translator & Editor

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SPANISH>ENGLISH

Canon superficiario. El canon superficiario sobre la totalidad del área de la concesión durante la exploración, el montaje y construcción o sobre las extensiones de la misma que el contratista retenga para explorar durante el período de explotación, es compatible con la regalía y constituye una contraprestación que se cobrará por la entidad contratante sin consideración a quien tenga la propiedad o posesión de los terrenos de ubicación del contrato. El mencionado canon será equivalente a un salario mínimo día legal vigente (smdlv) por hectárea año, del primero al quinto año; de ahí en adelante el canon será incrementado cada dos (2) años adicionales así: por los años 6 y 7 se pagarán 1.25 salarios mínimos día legal vigente por hectárea año; por el año 8, 1.5 salarios mínimos día legal vigente por hectárea año.

Dicho canon será pagadero por anualidades anticipadas. La primera anualidad se pagará dentro de los tres (3) días siguientes al momento en que la Autoridad Minera, mediante acto administrativo, determine el área libre susceptible de contratar.

Para las etapas de construcción y montaje o exploración adicional, se continuará cancelando el último canon pagado durante la etapa de exploración.

PARÁGRAFO 1o. La no acreditación del pago del canon superficiario dará lugar al rechazo de la propuesta, o a la declaratoria de caducidad del contrato de concesión, según el caso.

La Autoridad solo podrá disponer del dinero que reciba a título de canon superficiario una vez celebrado el contrato de concesión. Solamente se reintegrará al proponente la suma pagada en caso de rechazo por superposición total o parcial de áreas. En este último evento se reintegrará dentro de los cinco (5) días hábiles, la parte proporcional si acepta el área reducida, contados a partir que el acto administrativo quede en firme. Igualmente habrá reintegro en los casos en que la autoridad ambiental competente niegue la sustracción de la zona de reserva forestal para la etapa de exploración.

Surface Fee. The surface fee for the entirety of the concession area during exploration, the rig-up and construction or for extensions thereof that the Contractor may retain for exploration during the period of exploitation is compatible with a royalty and constitutes consideration that shall be charged by the Company regardless of who owns or is in possession of the land covered under the contract. The aforementioned fee shall equal the current minimum daily wage (SMDLV) per hectare per year from the first to the fifth year; thereafter the fee shall increase every two (2) additional years as follows: for years 6 and 7, 1.25 current minimum daily wages per hectare per year; for year 8, 1.5 current minimum daily wages per hectare per year.

This fee shall be payable in annual payments made in advance. The first annual payment shall be paid within the three (3) days following the time at which the Mining Authority, by an administrative act, declares the available area open to contract.

For phases of construction and rig-up or additional exploration, the last fee paid during the exploration phase must continue to be paid.

PARAGRAPH 1. Failure to make payment of the surface fee shall cause rejection of the proposal or a declaration of expiration of the concession contract, as applicable.

The [Mining] Authority shall only be able to have the money that it receives for the surface fee once the concession contract has been signed.  The bidder shall only be returned the amount paid in the event of rejection due to total or partial overlap of areas. In such a case, if [the bidder] accepts a reduced area, a proportion shall be returned within five (5) business days, counted from the time that the administrative act is finalized. There shall likewise be a return in cases in which the environmental authority denies the removal of the reserved forest area for the exploration phase.




FRENCH>ENGLISH

Les crédits aux entreprises et aux particuliers (hors secteur financier) ont progressé de 1,7 % en 2012 en France, selon des chiffres publiés lundi 28 janvier par la Banque de France, soit un rythme nettement inférieur à celui de 2011 (+ 5,1 %).

Dans le détail, la hausse des crédits en cours a été soutenue par les ménages (+ 2,3 %) plus que par les entreprises (+ 0,8 %). Fin décembre, le total des prêts consentis atteignait 1 945 milliards d'euros.

UN TABLEAU CONTRASTÉ

Durant les trois premiers trimestres, le rythme de progression des prêts a progressivement ralenti, passant de 5,4 % en janvier à 1,8 % en septembre, avant de se stabiliser lors des trois derniers mois.

Tant pour les sociétés que pour les ménages, le tableau est contrasté, avec un moteur toujours en état de marche et un autre déficient. Pour les entreprises, l'investissement a résisté, avec une croissance de 2,9 %, tandis que les crédits de trésorerie ont enregistré un recul de 4,2 %. Quant aux ménages, le crédit immobilier est resté dynamique (+ 3 %), alors que le crédit à la consommation a connu une année terne (– 1,1 %).

Zone euro : le repli des crédits au secteur privé se poursuit

C'est le huitième mois consécutif de baisse. Les crédits au secteur privé en zone euro ont continué à reculer en décembre, enregistrant une baisse de 0,7 %, après un repli de 0,8 % en novembre, selon des chiffres annoncés lundi par la Banque centrale européenne (BCE). Les crédits aux ménages ont progressé de 0,5 %, davantage qu'en novembre (+ 0,4 %), grâce notamment à une hausse des prêts immobiliers de 1,3 % en décembre, contre + 1,2 % le mois précédent.

 

De leur côté, les prêts aux intermédiaires non financiers ont connu une nette amélioration, affichant une progression de 0,7 % alors qu'ils avaient reculé de 1,7 % en novembre. En revanche, la situation des crédits aux sociétés non financières s'est en revanche dégradée : ils ont baissé de 2,3%, après – 1,9 % en novembre.

Quant à la masse monétaire M3, qui mesure la quantité d'argent en circulation – indicateur avancé de l'inflation en zone euro –, elle a crû de 3,3 % en décembre, soit moins qu'en novembre (+ 3,8 %) et en octobre (+ 3,9 %), a également fait savoir la BCE. Le consensus d'analystes réalisé par l'agence Dow Jones s'attendait à une hausse plus importante de M3 en décembre, de 3,9%.

Credits to businesses and individuals (excluding financial sector) grew 1.7% in 2012 in France, according to figures published Monday, January 28, by the Bank of France, for a net rate less than that of 2011 (+5.11%).

 

In detail, the current credit increase has propped up households (+2.3%) more than businesses (+0.8%). At December’s end, the total of loans approved reached 1.945 trillion euros.

 

A CONTRASTING PICTURE

 

During the first three quarters, the growth rate for loans progressively slowed, going from 5.4% in January to 1.8% in September, before stabilizing for the last three months.

 

Both for businesses and households, the picture is a contrasting one, with one engine still running and the other weak. For businesses, investment has stayed strong, with growth of 2.9%, whereas treasury credit posted a loss of 4.2%. With regard to households, real estate credit has remained dynamic (+3%), while consumer credit had a lackluster year (11.1%)

 

Euro Zone: Downturn of private sector credit continues

 

It is the eighth consecutive month of decline. Private sector credits in the euro zone continued to shrink in December, posting a decrease of 0.7%, after a downturn of 0.8% in November, according to figures announced Monday by the European Central Bank (ECB). Credit to households grew 0.5%, over November (+0.4%), notably thanks to an increase in real estate loans of 1.3% in December, as compared to +1.2% the previous months.

 

For their part, non-financial intermediary loans saw a net improvement, posting growth of 0.7% whereas they had shrunk 1.7% in November. On the other hand, the non-financial business credit situation deteriorated: it went down 2.3%, after being -1.9% in November.

 

With regard to the M3 money supply, which measures the amount of money in circulation, an advanced indicator of inflation in the Euro Zone, it grew 3.3% in December, less than in November (+3.8%) and in October (+3.9%), the ECB has also reported. The analyst consensus by the Dow Jones agency expected a more important increase in M3 in December of 3.9%.



PORTUGUESE>ENGLISH

PERF. HORIZONTAL DIRIGIDA

A perfuração horizontal dirigida é um método de perfuração utilizado para a instalação de sistemas de tubagens sem vala.

Utiliza-se fundamentalmente para a instalação de linhas de comunicação (fibra óptica, cabos de dados), linhas elétricas, gasodutos, oleodutos e conduções de água a pressão.

Esta técnica está a ganhar um papel de relevo nas grandes cidades pelo facto de não ser necessária a clássica escavação de valas a céu aberto e a já sabida destruição do pavimento e na deterioração de outras conduções próximas.

É uma técnica de grande utilidade especialmente no caso de serem necessárias instalações debaixo de rios, travessias de corredores ferroviários e rodoviários sem interferências à superfície e no seu serviço.

A tecnologia PHD permite controlar e dirigir perfurações de até 2000m de longitude com diâmetros máximos de 1800 mm. Para assegurar o êxito das perfurações é de importância vital um intenso estudo prévio do material a perfurar e um extremado conhecimento das possíveis conduções afectadas. A combinação destes critérios complementam os métodos de detecção e de guiagem das ferramentas de perfuração.

 

HORIZONTAL DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

Horizontal directional drilling is a drilling method used for the installation of trenchless tubing systems.

 

It is basic to the installation of communication lines (fiber optic, data cables), electrical lines, oil and gas pipelines, and pressurized water lines.

 

This technique is beginning to play a prominent role in big cities due to the fact that traditional open-air excavation of trenches and its well-known destruction of pavement and the deterioration of other nearby pipes are not necessary.

 

It is a very useful technique, especially in cases where installations are necessary under rivers or crossing rail lines and highways without interference on the surface or to these services.

 

HDD technology enables the control and direction of drilling of up to 2000 m in length with maximum diameters of 1800 mm. In order to ensure the success of the drilling, an intense study beforehand of the material to be drilled and thorough knowledge of potentially affected pipes is vital. The combination of these criteria complement detection and drilling tool guidance methods.